
Digital Workflow for Multistage Integration of 3D Concrete Printing in BIM Environment
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Over the past decade, 3DCP technology has evolved from experimental solutions into a viable construction method, as demonstrated by numerous completed architectural projects [3,6]. While literature extensively covers aspects of material mix design, rheology, and technical developments such as extruding/fabrication systems [1], design methodologies for 3DCP remain underrepresented. Knowledge in this area largely remains hidden within research groups or proprietary company tools, limiting broader adoption, as both design and production processes often stay outside stakeholder control. Academic discourse has recognized this limitation, and several solutions for integrating 3DCP into BIM environments have been developed [2,4,5,7,8,9]. However, current efforts do not fully address the issue of inaccessible design expertise. Material, structural, and geometric constraints still prevent the direct application of 3DCP to standard architectural elements. This contribution presents a digital workflow model covering the entire design process within the BIM environment, from the initial concept through all stages of development. In this model - expert system - 3DCP is considered an active discipline alongside architecture, structural engineering, and MEP. As such, it defines the Level of Information Need (LOIN). The proposed expert system provides open-access tools and knowledge ordered similarly to the Level of Development (LOD) framework. General design guidelines for manufacturable typologies (LOD 100–200), manufacturability verification (LOD 300), predictive digital twin for redesigned elements (LOD 350), and G-code generation (LOD 400), finally, an as-built digital twin is created based on live monitoring of the manufacturing phase (LOD 500). The contribution discusses the model in detail, examining the BIM design workflow and parallel digital twin handling across component, asset, system, and process levels.