The advancement in additive manufacturing technologies over the last two decades have made the success of numerical design optimization methods such as topology optimization ever so relevant. This talk will present state-of-the-art methods from topology optimization with focus on the development of highly efficient, yet easily accessible algortithms and frameworks. Several case studies will be presented, including biomechanics and the design of patient specific implants, design of hearing aids using transient modelling as well as integrated structural design and additive manufacturing process optimization for fibre reinforced composites.